Complementary, not interchangeable.
Hematopathology diagnosis commonly integrates morphology, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics, FISH, and molecular testing to classify blood cancers and guide prognosis and treatment decisions.
Services for blood cancer diagnosis.
Modern hematopathology integrates multiple modalities. Each one adds a different layer of diagnostic confidence.
Morphology / PathologyMicroscopic review of blood, marrow, lymph node, and tissue patterns.
Morphology is the foundation of hematopathology diagnosis. Blood smears, bone marrow samples, lymph nodes, and other tissues are examined under the microscope to evaluate the appearance, pattern, and distribution of abnormal cells.
Flow CytometryCell-by-cell immunophenotyping for leukemias, lymphomas, and subtle abnormal populations.
Flow cytometry analyzes individual cells using specialized surface and intracellular markers. It helps identify B-cell, T-cell, or myeloid lineage and can detect small abnormal cell populations that may not be obvious by morphology alone.
KaryotypeChromosome-level analysis for classification, prognosis, and treatment planning.
Karyotyping examines the full set of chromosomes in dividing cells to look for large changes, including missing, extra, or rearranged chromosomes. These findings help classify many leukemias, myelodysplastic syndromes, and plasma cell disorders.
FISHTargeted chromosome testing for known blood cancer abnormalities.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH, detects specific chromosome abnormalities associated with blood cancers. It can identify important changes even when cells are not actively dividing.
NGSMulti-gene sequencing for precision diagnosis, prognosis, and disease monitoring.
Next-generation sequencing evaluates many genes at the same time to identify mutations that may be driving a blood cancer. Results can refine diagnosis, support prognostic assessment, identify targeted therapy options, and monitor disease over time.